CS 23.2400 Powerplant installation
ED Decision 2017/013/R
(a) For the purpose of this Subpart, the aeroplane powerplant installation must include each component that is necessary for propulsion, affects propulsion safety, or provides auxiliary power to the aeroplane.
(b) Each aeroplane engine, propeller and auxiliary power unit (APU) must be type certified, or meet accepted specifications.
(c) The applicant must construct and arrange each powerplant installation to account for:
(1) all likely operating conditions, including foreign object threats;
(2) sufficient clearance of moving parts to other aeroplane parts and their surroundings;
(3) likely hazards in operation, including hazards to ground personnel; and
(4) vibration and fatigue.
(d) Hazardous accumulations of fluids, vapours or gases are isolated from the aeroplane and personnel compartments and are safely contained or discharged.
(e) Installations of powerplant components that deviate from the component limitations or installation instructions must be shown to be safe.
(f) For the purposes of this Subpart, ‘energy’ means any type of energy for the powerplant, including, for example, fuels of any kind or electric current.
AMC1 23.2400 Powerplant installation
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.1 Powerplant Installation
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3063/F3063M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Fuel Storage and Delivery
F3064/F3064M-21 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Control, Operation, and Indication
F3065/F3065M-21a Standard Specification for Aircraft Propeller System Installation
F3066/F3066M-18 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation Hazard Mitigation
Remarks
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2400 Powerplant installation
ED Decision 2019/020/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.33 Propeller speed and pitch limits
23.901 Installation
23.903(a), (b), (d) through (g) Engines and auxiliary power units
23.905(a), (b), (d) through (h) Propellers
23.907 Propeller vibration
23.909(a), (c), (d), (e) Turbocharger systems
23.925 Propeller clearance
23.934 Turbojet and turbofan engine thrust reverser systems tests
23.943 Negative acceleration
23.951 Fuel System - General
23.955 Fuel Flow
23.957(b) Flow between interconnected tanks
23.963(b), (c) Fuel tanks: general
23.967(a), (b) Fuel tank installation
23.975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents
23.979 Pressure fuelling systems
23.997(a), (c), (d) Fuel strainer or filter
23.999 Fuel system drains
23.1001(a) through (f) Fuel jettisoning system
23.1011 Oil system General
23.1013 Oil tanks
23.1015 Oil tank tests
23.1017 Oil lines and fittings
23.1019 Oil strainer or filter
23.1021 Oil system drains
23.1023 Oil radiators
23.1027 Propeller feathering system
23.1041 Cooling – General
23.1043 Cooling tests
23.1045 Cooling test procedures for turbine engine powered airplanes
23.1047 Cooling test procedures for reciprocating engine powered airplanes
23.1061 Installation
23.1063 Coolant tank tests
23.1097 Carburettor de-icing fluid system capacity
23.1099 Carburettor de-icing fluid system detail design
23.1101 Induction air preheater design
23.1103 Induction system ducts
23.1105 Induction system screens
23.1107 Induction system filters
23.1109 Turbocharger bleed air system
23.1111 Turbine engine bleed air system
23.1121 Exhaust System - General
23.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers
23.1141(b), (c), (d) Powerplant controls: general
23.1163 Powerplant accessories
23.1165 Engine ignition systems
23.1193 Cowling and nacelle
23.1197 Fire extinguishing agents
23.1199 Extinguishing agent containers
23.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials
23.1203(b), (c) Fire detector system
AMC3 23.2400 Powerplant installation
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.33 Propeller speed and pitch limits
VLA.901 Installation
VLA.903 Engine
VLA.905 Propeller
VLA.907 Propeller vibration
VLA.909 Supercharger
VLA.925 Propeller clearance
VLA.943 Negative acceleration
VLA.951 Fuel System - General
VLA.955 Fuel Flow
VLA.957 Flow between interconnected tanks
VLA.963 Fuel tanks: general
VLA.967 Fuel tank installation
VLA.975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents
VLA.999 Fuel system drains
VLA.1011 Oil system General
VLA.1013 Oil tanks
VLA.1015 Oil tank tests
VLA.1017 Oil lines and fittings
VLA.1019 Oil strainer or filter
VLA.1021 Oil system drains
VLA.1023 Oil radiators
VLA.1041 Cooling – General
VLA.1047 Cooling test procedures for reciprocating engine powered airplanes
VLA.1061 Installation
VLA.1063 Coolant tank tests
VLA.1101 Carburettor air preheater design
VLA.1103 Induction system ducts
VLA.1105 Induction system screens
VLA.1121 Exhaust System - General
VLA.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers
VLA.1141 Powerplant controls: general
VLA.1163 Powerplant accessories
VLA.1165 Engine ignition systems
VLA.1193 Cowling and nacelle
CS 23.2405 Power or thrust control systems
ED Decision 2017/013/R
Power or thrust control systems are systems that intervene with the power selection commanded by the direct power settings.
(a) Power or thrust control systems must be designed so no unsafe condition will result during normal operation of the system.
(b) Any single failure or likely combination of failures of a power or thrust control system must not prevent continued safe flight and landing of the aeroplane.
(c) Inadvertent operation of a power or thrust control system by the flight crew must be prevented, or if not prevented, must not result in an unsafe condition.
(d) Unless the failure of an automatic power or thrust control system is ‘extremely remote’, the system must:
(1) provide a means for the flight crew to verify that the system is in an operating condition;
(2) provide a means for the flight crew to override the automatic function if the hazard outweighs the safety benefits; and
(3) prevent inadvertent deactivation of the system.
AMC1 23.2405 Power or thrust control systems
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.2 Power or Thrust Control Systems & 8.5 Reversing Systems
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3064/F3064M-21 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Control, Operation, and Indication
F3065/F3065M-21a Standard Specification for Aircraft Propeller System Installation
F3117/F3117M-20 Standard Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2405 Power or thrust control systems
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.904 Automatic power reserve system (With Appendix H)
23.933 Reversing systems
CS 23.2410 Powerplant installation hazard assessment
ED Decision 2017/013/R
The applicant must assess each installation separately and in relation to other aeroplane systems and installations to show that any hazard resulting from the likely failure of any system component or accessory will not:
(a) prevent continued safe flight and landing or, if continued safe flight and landing cannot be ensured, the hazards have been minimised;
(b) cause serious injury that may be avoided; and
(c) require immediate action by crew members for continued operation of any remaining powerplant system.
AMC1 23.2410 Powerplant installation hazard assessment
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.3 Powerplant Installation Hazard Assessment
F3061/F3061M-20 Standard Specification for Systems and Equipment in Small Aircraft
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3063/F3063M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Fuel Storage and Delivery
F3064/F3064M-21 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Control, Operation, and Indication
F3065/F3065M-21a Standard Specification for Aircraft Propeller System Installation
F3066/F3066M-18 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation Hazard Mitigation
F3117-20 Standard Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2410 Powerplant installation hazard assessment
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.903(b) through (g) Engines and auxiliary power units
23.909(b), (c) Turbocharger systems
23.937 Powerplant operating characteristics
23.953 Fuel system independence
23.955 Fuel flow
23.959 Unusable fuel supply
23.991 Fuel pumps
23.1001(h) Fuel jettisoning system
23.1011 General
23.1027 Propeller feathering system
23.1109 Turbocharger bleed air system
23.1141(e) Powerplant controls: general
23.1143(g) Engine controls
23.1147 Mixture controls
23.1163 Powerplant accessories
23.1437 Accessories for twin-engine aeroplanes
AMC3 23.2410 Powerplant installation hazard assessment
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.903 Engine
VLA.909 Supercharger
VLA.955 Fuel flow
VLA.959 Unusable fuel supply
VLA.991 Fuel pumps
VLA.1011 General
VLA.1141 Powerplant controls: general
VLA.1143 Engine controls
VLA.1147 Mixture controls
VLA.1163 Powerplant accessories
CS 23.2415 Powerplant installation ice protection
ED Decision 2017/013/R
(a) The aeroplane design must prevent foreseeable accumulation or shedding of ice or snow that adversely affect powerplant operation.
(b) The powerplant installation design must prevent any accumulation of ice or snow that adversely affects powerplant operation in those icing conditions for which certification is requested.
AMC1 23.2415 Powerplant installation ice protection
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.4 Powerplant Installation Ice Protection
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3063/F3063M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Fuel Storage and Delivery
F3066/F3066M-18 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation Hazard Mitigation
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2415 Powerplant installation ice protection
ED Decision 2023/002/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.929 Engine installation ice protection
23.1093 Induction system icing protection
23.975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents
23.997 Fuel strainer or filter
23.1105 Induction system screens
Remarks
Following the cancellation of FAA AC-1419-2D, applicants should now use the icing conditions that are outlined in AMC1 23.2165.
AMC3 23.2415 Powerplant installation ice protection
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.1093 Induction system icing protection
VLA.975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents
VLA.1105 Induction system screens
CS 23.2425 Powerplant operational characteristics
ED Decision 2017/013/R
(a) The installed powerplant must operate without any hazardous characteristics during normal and emergency operation within the range of operation limitations for the aeroplane and powerplant installation.
(b) The design must allow the shutdown and restart of the powerplant in flight within an established operating envelope.
AMC1 23.2425 Powerplant operational characteristics
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.6 Powerplant Operational Characteristics
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3064/F3064M-21 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Control, Operation, and Indication
F3065/F3065M-21a Standard Specification for Aircraft Propeller System Installation
F3066/F3066M-18 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation Hazard Mitigation
F3117-20 Standard Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2425 Powerplant operational characteristics
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.903(b), (d) through (g) Engines
23.905(c) Propellers
23.909(a) Turbocharger systems
23.934 Turbojet and turbofan engine thrust reverser systems tests
23.939 Turbopropeller-drag limiting systems
23.943 Negative acceleration
23.1142 Auxiliary power unit controls
23.1145 Ignition switches
23.1165 Engine ignition systems
AMC3 23.2425 Powerplant operational characteristics
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.903 Engine
VLA.905 Propeller
VLA.909 Supercharger
VLA.943 Negative acceleration
VLA.1145 Ignition switches
VLA.1165 Engine ignition systems
CS 23.2430 Powerplant installation, energy storage and distribution systems
ED Decision 2023/002/R
(a) Each system must:
(1) Be designed to provide independence between multiple energy storage and supply systems so that a failure of any one component in one system will not result in the loss of energy storage or supply of another system.
(2) Be designed to prevent catastrophic events due to lightning strikes taking into account direct and indirect effects for aeroplanes where the exposure to lightning is likely.
(3) Provide energy to the powerplant installation with adequate margins to ensure safe functioning under all permitted and likely operating conditions, and accounting for likely component failures.
(4) Provide the information established in CS 23.2445(g) to the flight crew and provide uninterrupted supply of that energy when the system is correctly operated, accounting for likely energy fluctuations.
(5) Provide a means to safely remove or isolate the energy stored within the system.
(6) Be designed to retain the energy under all likely operating conditions and minimise hazards to the occupants during any survivable emergency landing. For Level-4 aeroplanes, failure due to overload of the landing system must be taken into account.
(7) Prevent hazardous contamination of the energy supplied to each powerplant installation.
(b) Each storage system must:
(1) withstand the loads under likely operating conditions without failure, accounting for installation;
(2) be isolated from personnel compartments and protected from likely hazards;
(3) be designed to prevent significant loss of stored energy due to energy transfer or venting under likely operating conditions;
(4) provide energy for at least one-half hour of operation at maximum continuous power or thrust; and
(5) be capable of jettisoning energy safely if this functionality is provided.
(c) Each energy-storage-refilling or -recharging system must be designed to:
(1) prevent improper refilling or recharging;
(2) prevent contamination of the stored energy during likely operating conditions; and
(3) prevent the occurrence of any hazard to the aeroplane or to persons during refilling or recharging.
(d) Likely errors during ground handling of the aeroplane must not lead to a hazardous loss of stored energy.
AMC1 23.2430 Powerplant installation, energy storage and distribution systems
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.7 Fuel and Energy Storage and Distribution Systems
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3063/F3063M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Fuel Storage and Delivery
F3064/F3064M-21 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Control, Operation, and Indication
F3066/F3066M-18 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation Hazard Mitigation
F3114-21 Standard Specification for Structures
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2430 Powerplant installation, energy storage and distribution systems
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.951 Fuel System - General
23.953 Fuel system independence
23.954 Fuel system lightning protection
23.955 Fuel flow
23.957 Flow between interconnected tanks
23.959 Unusable fuel supply
23.961 Fuel system hot weather operation
23.963(a), (d), (e) Fuel tank: general
23.965 Fuel tank tests
23.967(a), (c), (d), (e) Fuel tank installation
23.969 Fuel tank expansion space
23.971 Fuel tank sump
23.973 Fuel tank filler connection
23.975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents
23.977 Fuel tank outlet
23.979 Pressure fuelling systems
23.991 Fuel pumps
23.993 Fuel system lines and fittings
23.994 Fuel system components
23.997(b), (d), (e) Fuel strainer or filter
23.999 Fuel system drains
23.1001(a) through (f) Fuel jettisoning system
23.1337(a) Powerplant instruments installation
23.721 Landing gear systems - General
Remarks
Provisions of AMC2 cover only fuel systems
AMC3 23.2430 Powerplant installation, energy storage and distribution systems
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.951 Fuel System - General
VLA.955 Fuel flow
VLA.957 Flow between interconnected tanks
VLA.959 Unusable fuel supply
VLA.961 Fuel system hot weather operation
VLA.963 Fuel tank: general
VLA.965 Fuel tank tests
VLA.967 Fuel tank installation
VLA.969 Fuel tank expansion space
VLA.971 Fuel tank sump
VLA.973 Fuel tank filler connection
VLA.975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents
VLA.977 Fuel strainer or filter
VLA.991 Fuel pumps
VLA.993 Fuel system lines and fittings
VLA.999 Fuel system drains
VLA.1337 Powerplant instruments
Remarks
Provisions of AMC3 cover only fuel systems
CS 23.2435 Powerplant installation support systems
ED Decision 2017/013/R
(a) Powerplant installation support systems are all systems whose direct purpose is to support the powerplant or the energy storage device in its intended function as part of the powerplant installation.
(b) Powerplant installation support systems that have a direct effect on the engine availability are considered in the engine reliability.
(c) Powerplant installation support systems are designed for the operating conditions applicable to the location of installation.
(d) Systems must be capable of operating under the conditions likely to occur.
(e) System function and characteristics that have an effect on the powerplant installation system performance are established.
(f) Ingestion of likely foreign objects that would be hazardous to the engine is prevented.
(g) The pilot must be aware of the air intake configuration and able to influence it.
(h) Any likely single failures of powerplant installation support systems that result in a critical loss of thrust are mitigated.
AMC1 23.2435 Powerplant installation support systems
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.8 Powerplant Induction, Exhaust, and Support Systems
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2435 Powerplant installation support systems
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.1091 Air induction system
23.1101(a) Induction air preheater design
23.1103(a) through (d) Induction system ducts
23.1111(b) Turbine engine bleed air system
23.1121 Exhaust System - General
23.1123 Exhaust system
23.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers
Remarks
Provisions of AMC2 cover only induction and exhaust systems
AMC3 23.2435 Powerplant installation support systems
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.1091 Air induction
VLA.1101 Carburettor air preheater design
VLA.1103 Induction system ducts
VLA.1121 Exhaust System - General
VLA.1123 Exhaust manifold
VLA.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers
Remarks
Provisions of AMC3 cover only induction and exhaust systems
CS 23.2440 Powerplant installation fire protection
ED Decision 2017/013/R
There must be means to isolate and mitigate hazards to the aeroplane in the event of a powerplant system fire or overheat in operation.
AMC1 23.2440 Powerplant installation fire protection
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.9 Powerplant Installation Fire Protection
F3061/F3061M-20 Standard Specification for Systems and Equipment in Small Aircraft
F3062/F3062M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation
F3063/F3063M-20 Standard Specification for Aircraft Fuel Storage and Delivery
F3064/F3064M-21 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Control, Operation, and Indication
F3066/F3066M-18 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation Hazard Mitigation
ASTM F44 published standards for showing compliance for electric propulsion systems. EASA has not yet accepted F3239-19; however, EASA would take into consideration applications from applicants that use this standard as the basis for the development of their means of compliance subject to agreement with EASA.
AMC2 23.2440 Powerplant installation fire protection
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.995 Fuel valves and controls
23.1103(e), (f) Induction system ducts
23.1141(f) Powerplant controls: general
23.1181 Designated fire zones: regions included
23.1182 Nacelle areas behind firewalls
23.1183 Lines, fittings, and components
23.1189 Shutoff means
23.1191 Firewalls
23.1192 Engine accessory compartment diaphragm
23.1193 Cowling and nacelle
23.1195 Fire extinguishing systems
23.1197 Fire extinguishing agents
23.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials
23.1203(a), (e) Fire detector system
23.1435(c) Hydraulic Systems
AMC3 23.2440 Powerplant installation fire protection
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.995 Fuel valves and controls
VLA.1103 Induction system ducts
VLA.1141 Powerplant controls and accessories: general
VLA.1182 Nacelle areas behind firewalls
VLA.1183 Lines, fittings, and components
VLA.1191 Firewalls
VLA.1193 Cowling and nacelle
CS 23.2445 Powerplant installation information
ED Decision 2017/013/R
The following powerplant installation information is established:
(a) operating limitations, procedures and instructions necessary for the safe operation of the aeroplane;
(b) the need for instrument markings or placards;
(c) any additional information necessary for the safe operation of the aeroplane;
(d) inspections or maintenance to assure continued safe operation;
(e) information related to the air intake configuration;
(f) techniques and associated limitations for engine starting and stopping; and
(g) energy level information to support energy management, including consideration of a likely component failure within the system.
AMC1 23.2445 Powerplant installation information
ED Decision 2023/002/R
ASTM F44 F3264-21 Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
8.10 Powerplant Installation Information
F3117/F3117M-20 Standard Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
F3174/F3174M-19 Standard Specification for Establishing Operating Limitations and Information for Aeroplanes
AMC2 23.2445 Powerplant installation information
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS-23 Amdt 4
23.1521 Powerplant limitations
23.1522 Auxiliary power unit limitations
23.1529 Instructions for continued airworthiness (With Appendix G)
AMC3 23.2445 Powerplant installation information
ED Decision 2017/025/R
CS VLA Amdt 1
VLA.1521 Powerplant limitations
VLA.1529 Instructions for continued airworthiness